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Product Name: KX1950 Seed Germination Bonsai

Item No. : KX1950 Seed Germination Bonsai
Size: 110*110*105mm
Weight: Approximately 500g
Material: Showerhead + plastic flowerpot + cup + nutrient soil + seed + pin + tissue paper...
Color: Mixed color
Whether to use a battery: No
Packing: 100pcs
Box specification: 600*450*550mm

 

Seed germination refers to a series of ordered physiological and morphogenetic processes that start from the absorption and expansion of seeds. The germination of seeds requires an appropriate temperature, a moderate amount of water and sufficient air. When seeds germinate, they absorb water. When seeds are soaked in water, the seed coat expands and softens, allowing more oxygen to pass through the seed coat and enter the interior of the seeds, while carbon dioxide is expelled through the seed coat, causing a change in the physical state inside. Secondly, there is air. During the germination process of seeds, a series of complex life activities take place. Only when seeds constantly breathe and obtain energy can the normal progress of life activities be guaranteed. The next factor is temperature. When the temperature is too low, respiration is inhibited, and the decomposition of nutrients inside the seeds and a series of other physiological activities all need to take place at an appropriate temperature.

 

Experimental purpose:
1. Recognize seeds and understand the basic conditions for seed germination.
2. Understand the significance of studying seed germination.

 

Principle application
Understand the structure of seeds and know the conditions required for seed germination.

 

Installation step diagram

 

Hardcover set

1. Appropriate temperature
When seeds are about to germinate, the decomposition of organic nutrients in the endosperm and cotyledon within the seeds, as well as the assimilation of organic and inorganic substances into the primordia of life, all these activities take place under the catalytic action of various enzymes. Enzymes only carry out catalytic action at a certain temperature, so temperature is a necessary condition.

Second, sufficient moisture
Dry seeds have very little water content, usually only 5% to 10% of the total weight of the seeds. Under such conditions, the seeds will be very weak. After the seeds absorb enough water, the seed coat will expand and soften, allowing oxygen to enter, enhancing respiration, and increasing the activity of the seeds.

Three, sufficient oxygen
After seeds receive appropriate temperature and sufficient water, they will start to germinate. When there is an adequate supply of oxygen, the respiratory function of the embryo cells will gradually strengthen, and the activity of enzymes will also be vigorous, providing the need for seed germination.

1. Developmental stage
The series of ordered physiological and morphogenetic processes of seeds starting from bloating can roughly be divided into five stages:

Absorption and expansion

For a physical process. When seeds are immersed in water or fall into moist soil, the hydrophilic substances within them attract water molecules, causing the seed volume to increase rapidly (sometimes by more than double). Swelling begins with rapid water absorption and then gradually slows down. When seeds expand, they exert a great force and can even shatter a glass bottle. The result of bloating is that the seed coat becomes soft or breaks, increasing the permeability of the seed coat to gases and other substances, and germination begins.

Hydration and enzyme activation

The germination process of peanut seeds
The germination process of peanut seeds
At this stage, the absorption and swelling are basically over. The cell walls of the seed cells and the protoplasm undergo hydration, and the protoplasm changes from a gel state to a sol state. Various enzymes start to be activated, and respiratory and metabolic functions increase sharply. After barley seeds swell, the embryo releases gibberellin and transfers it to the aleurone layer, where it induces the synthesis of hydrolases (such as α -amylase and protease). Hydrolases hydrolyze the starch and protein stored in the endosperm into soluble substances (maltose, glucose, amino acids, etc.), and successively transport them to the hypocotyl to meet the growth needs of the embryo, thereby initiating a series of complex seedling morphogenetic processes.

Cell division and enlargement

When cells divide and enlarge, the water absorption increases rapidly, the embryo begins to grow, and the nutrients stored in the seed start to be consumed in large quantities.

The embryo breaks through the seed coat

When the embryo breaks through the seed coat, its volume increases after growth and it breaks through the seed coat to be exposed. Most seeds produce the embryo root first, followed by the embryo bud.

Grow into a seedling

After growing into seedlings, roots, stems and leaves grow out, forming seedlings. Some seeds have a hypocotyl that does not elongate, with the cotyledons remaining in the soil. Only the hypocotyl and embryo sprout grow out of the soil to form seedlings. Such seedlings are called cotyledonous soil-retaining seedlings, such as peas and broad beans. Some plants, such as cotton, rape, melons, and kidney beans, have their seeds germinate with the hypocotyl elongating, pushing the cotyledons above the ground and forming cotyledone-emerging seedlings.

2. Personal conditions
A living and intact embryo

Seeds whose embryos have been damaged by insects cannot germinate. After leaving the mother plant, seeds will lose their vitality and fail to germinate within a certain period of time. The lifespan varies among different seeds. For instance, willow seeds can only survive for 12 years, peanuts for one year, wheat and rice can generally live for three years, and Chinese cabbage and broad beans can live for five to six years.

Have sufficient nutritional reserves

Normal seeds store sufficient nutrients needed for germination in the cotyledons or endosperm. Shriveled seeds often fail to germinate due to a lack of adequate nutrition.

Not in a dormant state

Germination of plant seeds
Germination of plant seeds
After most seeds are formed, they cannot germinate temporarily even under suitable conditions. This phenomenon is called dormancy. The main causes of its formation: First, it is a kind of skin disorder. Some seeds have thick and hard seed coats, or a waxy or keratin layer adheres to the seed coat, making it impermeable to water or air or mechanically hindering the embryo. Second, some fruits or seeds contain substances that inhibit seed germination. For instance, some desert plants, in their long-term life, in order to adapt to the arid environment, have water-soluble inhibitory substances on the surface of their seeds. Only after heavy rainfall, when these inhibitory substances are washed away, can they germinate to ensure that the formed seedlings do not die due to lack of water. For dormant seeds, if it is necessary to promote germination, the dormancy should be lifted for different reasons.

3 External conditions

The external conditions for seed germination, apart from the seeds themselves having a sound germination ability and ending the dormancy period, also require certain environmental conditions, mainly including sufficient water, suitable temperature and adequate oxygen.

Adequate moisture
The moisture content of dormant seeds is generally only about 10% of their dry weight. Seeds must absorb sufficient water to activate a series of enzymatic activities and start germinating. The water absorption of different seeds varies during germination. Seeds with a higher protein content, such as soybeans and peanuts in the leguminous family, absorb more water. While cereal seeds such as wheat and rice mainly contain starch and have less water absorption. Generally, there is a critical value for seeds to absorb water; below this value, they cannot germinate. Generally, seeds need to absorb 25% to 50% or more of their own weight in water to germinate. For instance, rice needs 40%, wheat 50%, cotton 52%, soybeans 120%, and peas 186%. The difference in water absorption during seed germination is caused by the different components contained in the seeds. To meet the water requirement of seeds during germination, in agricultural production, sowing should be done at the right time and meticulous cultivation should be carried out to create favorable water absorption conditions for seed germination.

Suitable temperature
Seed germination and seed dormancy
Seed germination and seed dormancy
The germination of various seeds generally has three base point temperatures: low, suitable and high. The temperature range required for seed germination in temperate plants is lower than that in tropical regions. For example, the three base point temperatures for the germination of wheat, a plant of temperate origin, are respectively: 0-5℃, 25-31℃, and 31-37℃. The three base points for rice, a plant of tropical origin, are 10 to 13℃, 25 to 35℃, and 38 to 40℃ respectively. There are still many plant seeds that germinate more easily under the temperature changes between day and night than under constant temperature conditions. For instance, the germination rate of small chaff seeds is 53% at 21℃ and only 72% at 28℃. However, when the temperature alternates between 28℃ and 21℃ during the day and night, the germination rate can reach 95%. The temperature required for seed germination often varies due to other environmental conditions (such as moisture), and the suitable temperature for the growth of young roots and buds is also different.

Different plant seeds have certain suitable temperatures for germination. Germination is affected whether the temperature is above or below the suitable level. When the temperature exceeds the suitable limit to a certain extent, only a portion of the seeds can germinate. The temperature during this period is called high temperature. When the temperature is lower than the suitable level, the germination of seeds gradually slows down. At a certain limit, only a small part of them can barely germinate. The temperature during this period is called low temperature. After understanding the suitable temperature for seed germination, one can choose the appropriate season for sowing in combination with the growth and development characteristics of the plant.

Sufficient oxygen
After absorbing water, seeds' respiration is enhanced and their oxygen demand increases. Generally, crop seeds require that the oxygen content in the surrounding air be above 10% to germinate normally. Also known as oily seeds, seeds of soybeans, peanuts, etc. require more oxygen when germinating. Most seeds cannot germinate when the oxygen content in the air is below 5%. Excessive soil moisture or soil surface compaction, which reduces soil voids and leads to poor aeration, will lower the oxygen content of soil air and affect seed germination.

Abundant sunlight
(A few plants

Generally, seed germination has little to do with light and can proceed normally in both dark and well-lit conditions. However, the seeds of a few plants need light to germinate well, such as those of Ficus microcarpa, tobacco, and lettuce, which cannot germinate in the absence of light. This type of seed is called light-demanding seed. The seeds of some plants, such as Kentucky bluegrass, Oenothera bicnusis of the evening Primrose genus and Pilea, germinate better under light conditions. Some Liliaceae plants and the seeds of Onions, tomatoes and mandala have their germination inhibited by light. Such seeds are called light-averse seeds. Light-demanding seeds are usually very small and have little storage. Only when they germinate under the condition of light on the soil surface can they ensure that the seedlings emerge quickly to carry out photosynthesis and avoid dying due to depletion of nutrients. On the contrary, light-averse seeds cannot germinate on the surface of the soil where there is light, thus avoiding the death of seedlings due to insufficient moisture in the topsoil. In addition, some plants, such as lettuce, have a photoperiodic phenomenon during seed germination.

4 Methods

(1) Soak the seeds in cold or warm water. Seeds that are easier to germinate can be soaked in cold or warm water (35-40℃) before sowing. Once the seed coat becomes soft, they can be taken out for sowing.

(2) Contude the seed coat. The seed coats of lotus and canna lilies are hard and do not absorb water easily. You can use a file to grind or scratch the seed coat, then soak the seeds in warm water (35 to 40 degrees Celsius). Once the seed coat becomes soft, take them out for sowing.

(3) Acid and alkali treatment. The seeds are treated with acid or alkali to corrode the seed coat. After treatment, the chemicals are washed off with clean water.

(4) Chemical treatment. Before sowing the seeds of the large-flowered morning glory, soaking them in a gibberellin solution of 10-250 milligrams per liter can replace the effect of low temperature and promote their germination.

(5) Ultrasonic treatment.

(6) Freezing or low-temperature stratification method. It has a significant effect on promoting germination for flower seeds that need to complete their dormancy period under low-temperature and humid conditions.

5 Research Significance
Understanding the conditions required for crop seed germination, mastering soil moisture and sowing depth, is extremely important for early emergence and full seedling production after sowing, and it is the first step to achieving high yields. Some crops, such as certain varieties of early rice, have seeds that do not have a dormant period. When they are harvested and encounter rain or high temperatures, they will germinate on the plants in the farmland or threshing ground. This phenomenon is called "embryonic budding". Seeds will also germinate when stored in a damp and hot environment. Some weed seeds germinate successively over several years due to individual differences in their dormant periods or varying depths of distribution within the soil layer.

"6 Power"
The human skull is very tightly and firmly combined. Physiologists and anatomists have exhausted every method to separate it completely, but none of them have succeeded. Later, someone suddenly invented a method, which was to put some plant seeds in the skull to be dissected, providing temperature and humidity to make the seeds germinate. As soon as they germinate, these seeds, with terrifying power, completely separate the bones that no mechanical force could sever. The power of plant seeds is so great. This might be a bit special and not easy for ordinary people to understand. So, have you ever witnessed the growth of a blade of grass that was crushed under the debris and stones? In pursuit of the sunlight and to fulfill its will to live, no matter how heavy the stones above are or how narrow the space between them is, it always bends and twists, but tenaciously and unyieldingly penetrates to the ground. Its roots burrowing into the soil and its buds pushing upwards is an irresistible force. Even the stones that tried to stop it were eventually overturned by it. The power of a single seed is so great.

 

 

 

Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., LTD
Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., LTD. (formerly Yifei Toy Factory) was established in 2007 and now uses the brands "TEACHER XING", "Teacher Xing" and "JIAN YI". After ten years of unremitting efforts, our company has gradually matured. Our company is a member of the Teaching Equipment Industry Association of the Ministry of Education and a key enterprise in teaching equipment in Zhejiang Province. We have been awarded the title of "Contract-abiding and Creditworthy Unit" by Jinhua City for three consecutive years. In 2014, we were honored as an "Advanced Collective in Jinhua's Teaching Instrument Industry" by Zhejiang Province.
Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise integrating modern scientific research and development of educational equipment, course design, teaching resource integration and technical services. Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd. has established itself in the education industry with high-tech products and modern educational equipment. Its products are sold throughout the country and exported to Europe, America, Japan and South Korea. After years of accumulation, the company has taken shape. In terms of technological innovation capabilities, the company has professional designers engaged in the research and development of complete sets of scientific and educational products as well as the upgrading and replacement of existing products. In terms of production, management and installation services, the company strictly adheres to the standards of the ISO9001 international quality assurance system. In terms of marketing, "Teacher Xing" products have entered many provinces and cities in China and enjoy a good reputation. Over the years, we have provided the education sector with a series of high-quality, advanced and professional modern teaching equipment as well as professional equipment R&D and customization services. With excellent and high-quality professional talents, perfect after-sales service, product quality and the establishment of a good corporate image. The science and education physics series, chemistry series, solar energy, wind energy, geography, biology, art and other products of "Teacher Xing" have won bids in the education bureau's tenders many times. Zhejiang Jianyi Education Technology Co., Ltd. continues to uphold the business philosophy of "excellent quality, diligent service, and sincere conduct", and adheres to the development policy of promoting the "Teacher Xing" culture, forging the "Teacher Xing" brand, and creating the "Teacher Xing" cause. Provide excellent equipment and high-quality services for the school's teaching and research. We are willing to cooperate sincerely with new and old friends at home and abroad, join hands and move forward together, and spare no effort to serve education and contribute to the cause of education.

 

Before assembly, please check whether the circuit is unobstructed, whether the components on the circuit are complete, and whether all contact points are in good contact. During the assembly process, be careful not to get the glue on your clothes or skin. Accessories should be kept out of reach of younger siblings to prevent accidental swallowing of parts! Don't play with it on your head, or the model might fall and hurt you!